PDF Ebook The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics, by Robert A. J. Gagnon
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The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics, by Robert A. J. Gagnon
PDF Ebook The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics, by Robert A. J. Gagnon
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About the Author
Robert A. J. Gagnon is Associate Professor of New Testament at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary. He co-edits Horizons in Biblical Theology, and has published in the Journal of Biblical Literature, Novum Testamentum, and Catholic Biblical Quarterly.
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Product details
Paperback: 522 pages
Publisher: Abingdon Press; 8/16/02 edition (September 2002)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 9780687022793
ISBN-13: 978-0687022793
ASIN: 0687022797
Product Dimensions:
6 x 1.2 x 9 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.6 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.4 out of 5 stars
96 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#207,439 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Gagnon provides an exhaustive defense of Scripture's proscription against homosexual sex. He makes it clear throughout that the Bible doesn't oppose the impulse to have same-sex intercourse, but the act itself. His study of Old Testament texts offers an informative look at male temple prostitutes. For a fee, they would allow themselves to be penetrated by men. They would dress like women and even castrate themselves in some cases. The men penetrating them were thought to receive a pagan blessing.Gagnon's study of New Testament texts is equally informative. He undercuts various attempts to silence Scripture's warnings against homosexual sex, such as Paul was only concerned with exploitive forms of homosexuality, not stable relationships. Using both biblical and pagan texts, Gagnon shows that although there were exploitive forms of homosexuality in the Ancient World, pederasty was thought to be a noble pursuit, and stable relationships between young boys and men were common. Gagnon also undercuts popular attempts to justify gay sex within the church based on the church's willingness to tolerate divorce. He clearly shows that homosexual sex is never permitted in the Bible under any circumstances, but divorce is permitted in some circumstances.Also, Gagnon shows the health consequences for individuals and society, especially for homosexual men. Depression, AIDS, and suicidal thoughts are the risks associated with the gay population. Yet, gay activists want to make having multiple partners normative for the gay community,Written in 2001, Gagnon was prescient with regard to the normalization of transgenderism. He also anticipated the labeling of those with a moral opposition to gay intercourse as bigots (akin to racists) and the threat to their careers. Gagnon himself has recently left his long-time professorship at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, largely (it seems) due to the seminary's unhappiness with this biblical beliefs against homosexual practice.Gagnon did a great service for the church in writing this book. It can not be recommended more highly.
This is a very thorough, scholarly review of the Biblical texts relating to non-heterosexuality. It provides a large sampling of ancient, contemporary (to the Bible), and current understandings and practices and puts them in the context of the current discussion. If you want to understand what the Bible says on this subject, this book is definitely one you should read. That said, it is written at the seminary level. If a layman's level interrogation of the subject is what you are looking for, this is not the book for you. But if you CAN follow discussions on Greek, Hebrew, Latin, Sumerian and Akkadian word usage, the relevance of Q, classical Greek philosophy, and the like, you'll be hard pressed to find a better resource than Gagnon's book.
At one point in seminary I asked a professor [1] to outline the biblical case for gay marriage. He responded that the Bible did not offer a strong case for gay marriage; it was just the right thing to do. Evangelicals typically focus on his first point while progressives typically focus on the second point. Robert Gagnon’s The Bible and Homosexual Practice outlines a detailed interpretation of the Bible’s teaching on this issue.Gagnon states his objectives as:“to demonstrate two main points: First, there is clear, strong, and credible evidence that the Bible unequivocally defines same-sex intercourse as sin. Second, there exist no valid hermeneutical arguments derived from either general principles of biblical interpretation or contemporary scientific knowledge and experience for overriding the Bible’s authority on this matter†(37).Gagnon’s conclusion that the Bible treats homosexuality as sin[2] (a theological statement) should surprise no one, but it is not obvious how the church should respond to it (a problem in ethics). Theology is easy because a statement is either true or not; ethics is hard because it necessarily involves trade-offs between multiple theological principles in tension. We are all sinners and stand in need of God’s grace. This implies that no sin is unforgivable and we are to share the Gospel with everyone. But, how do we properly love the unrepentant sinner? And, what is special about witnessing to someone struggling with gender confusion? —These are not hypothetical questions. Unfortunately, the postmodern church (like the church at Laodicea) has often neglected to teach the doctrine of sin which leaves it with scarce moral authority to provide advice on any particular sin (Rev. 3:14-19).Gagnon summarizes his book with 4 reasons “why those who engage in same-sex intercourse act contrary to God’s intentions for human sexual relationsâ€. Those reasons (487-489) are:1. “Same-sex intercourse is strongly and unequivocally rejected by the revelation of scripture.â€2. “Same-sex intercourse represents a suppression of the visible evidence in nature regarding male-female anatomical and procreation complementarity.â€3. “Societal endorsement of homosexual behavior will only accelerate the many negative social effects [serious health problems, greater pedophilic behavior, erosion in expectations of marriage, annihilation of gender norms, and marginalization of those that speak out] arising from such behavior…â€4. “The practicing homosexual’s own relationship with the Creator will be put in jeopardy.â€Gagnon’s argues these points thoroughly. For example, in talking about the health effects of homosexual behavior, Gagnon cites[3] an unspecified health condition and lists all the possible negative consequences of this condition. Reading about this list, one is suspicious that the condition is homosexuality—it is not—the condition is alcoholism. The health consequences of homosexuality are much worse (471-473), including:o “A significantly decreased likelihood of establishing or preserving a successful marriage.o A 25-35 year decrease in life expectancy.o Chronic, potentially fatal, liver disease—infectious hepatitis, which increases the risk of liver cancer.o Inevitably fatal-immune disease, including associated cancers.o Frequently, fatal rectal cancer.o Multiple bowel and other infectious diseases.o A much higher than usual incidence of suicide.o A very low likelihood that its adverse effects can be eliminated unless the condition itself is.o An at least 50% likelihood of being eliminated through lengthy, often costly, and very time-consuming treatment.†(473)Having worked in a hospital emergency room, this list is not surprising. I lost a pastoral mentor to AIDS as a young person and personally assisted a number of hospital patients suffering from problems on this list, including HIV, when I worked as a chaplain intern. The Center for Disease Control estimates that more than half a million people have died from AIDS in the United States alone. Meanwhile, more than a million people are currently infected with HIV [4]. Gagnon's point is that the Bible's teaching on homosexuality is of continuing relevance in postmodern moral teaching.Ironically, pastors and churches that ignore people suffering from gender confusion (or, worse, condone it) are complicit in the Apostle Paul's assessment in Romans 1:24-27—giving them over to their ungodly passions [2]. Gagnon compares homosexuality with alcoholism both because of the medical problems associated (including an addictive character), but also because recovery is difficult. Clinical studies prior to politicization of the issue reported recovery rates of about 30 percent (28.8%), roughly on par with success rates reported by Alcoholics Anonymous (420-432) [5]. Recovery in this context means we are able to control our responses, not our temptations.Gagnon is a professor at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary and elder in the Presbyterian Church (USA). He has a master’s in theological studies from Harvard Divinity School and a doctor of philosophy from Princeton Theological Seminary [6]. The acknowledgments section of his book reads like a who’s who of evangelical scholars. The Bible and Homosexual Practice is written in 5 chapters:1. The Witness of the Old Testament,2. Same-Sex Intercourse as a “Contrary to Nature†in Early Judaism,3. The Witness of Jesus,4. The Witness of Paul and Deutero-Paul, and5. The Hermeneutical Relevance of the Biblical Witness (5-10).The introduction and conclusions are not numbered. These chapters are proceeded by the acknowledgments and followed by both a topical and a scriptural index.The response of the church to gender confusion is the defining issue of our day. Until the 1980s, no Christian denomination considered homosexuality acceptable behavior; now, many denominations, including my own, are having trouble establishing spiritual boundaries of any kind—the teaching on homosexuality stands out primarily in that it is the most obvious. As a consequence, Christians need to be aware of the arguments being made. In this debate, Gagnon’s research is an important resource.Here in part 1, I have given an overview of Gagnon’s argument and highlighted health effects of homosexuality. Christians more normally focus on scriptural arguments. So, in part 2, I will survey his review of Old Testament passages on homosexuality and, in part 3, I will turn to passages on the New Testament. All 3 parts will appear on T2Pneuma.net over the coming week.[1] The professor was on the faculty at University of Dubuque Theological Seminary.[2] For example: “You shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination.†(Lev. 18:22 ESV) Also: “For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged natural relations for those that are contrary to nature; and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in themselves the due penalty for their error.†(Rom. 1:26-27 ESV)[3] This reference is taken from Jeffrey Satinover’s “Homosexuality and the Politics of Truth†(Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1996).[4] http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/basics/ataglance.html.[5] Earlier I reviewed the story of a Lesbian conversion: Butterfield Journeys from PC to JC (http://wp.me/p3Xeut-wj)[6] http://www.RobGagnon.net.
Gagnon, of course, is the "gold standard" of experts on the subject of homosexuality and the Bible. I had seen so many references to this work in other sources on the topic of same-sex marriage that I decided to order it. I was afraid it might be heavy going, with a dense academic style. Thankfully, Gagnon writes clearly and fluidly, and with insights that are critical to understanding this topic from a biblical worldview. He's a scholar's scholar in the best sense of that phrase.
This is the preeminent scholarly book that addresses the question of homosexuality from a conservative evangelical viewpoint. Because I live fairly close to Pittsburgh where at Dr. Gagnon teaches, I recently had a lunch meeting with him to explore the possibility of his speaking at my church. Our lunch lasted three hours and my brain was exhausted at the end. He is a brilliant man with the heart of Christ who loves all people and has a conservative evangelical view of life.
Thorough and well-researched.
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